Joint Force Quarterly 117

Joint Force Quarterly 117

(2nd Quarter April 2025)

America Needs Bold Joint Force Leaders

  • Obstacles to Integrated Deterrence
  • Developing Alternative Manning Strategies

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Forum

Chinese President Xi Jinping inspects Hong Kong Garrison of Chinese People’s Liberation Army at Shek Kong Barracks, in Hong Kong, June 30, 2024.

A New Step in China’s Military Reform

By Joel Wuthnow

In April 2024, Xi Jinping announced a new military restructuring focused on improving the ability of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) to achieve information dominance and conduct integrated joint operations in wartime.


A team of Air Force Global Strike Command Airmen launched an unarmed Minuteman III intercontinental ballistic missile equipped with a test reentry vehicle at 11:01 P.M. Pacific Time Feb. 9 from Vandenberg Space Force Base, Calif. This test launch is part of routine and periodic activities intended to demonstrate that the United States' nuclear deterrent is safe, secure, reliable and effective to deter twenty-first century threats and reassure allies(U.S. Air Force Photo by Airman 1st Class Landon Gunsauls)

Obstacles to Integrating Deterrence

By Jeffrey A. Larsen and James J. Wirtz

This article calls for a strategic shift in how the United States addresses today’s security threats—ranging from peer nuclear adversaries to disruptive emerging technologies.


Commentary

Air Force military training instructors lead formation of graduates at Air Force Officer Training School class 24-06 graduation parade, in Montgomery, Alabama, March 14, 2024

America Needs Bold, Visionary, and Strategic Joint Force Leaders

By James W. Browning

While the national security community has consistently faced significant unknowns, disruptions, and wicked problems with no known solutions, today’s leaders must operate in a world unlike anything anyone has ever experienced.


Military Housing Office sign at Vandenberg Space Force Base, California, September 3, 2024

Solving the Crisis: A Partnership Approach for Safe, Affordable Military Housing

By Michael Kittrell and Michael Borders

Today, 216 Cannon Air Force Base (CAFB) Airmen live in a brand-new, energy-efficient off-base community because of a commitment to eschew old thinking and develop unique housing solutions.


Features

Illustration of global chip shortage crisis and U.S.-China trade war.

Defusing Weaponized Interdependence: A New Approach to Measuring Country Reliability

By Michael F. Harsch and Shaun Lee

Eisenhower School faculty members Michael Harsch and Shaun Lee have developed an interesting analysis method for assessing the willingness of one nation to partner with another. This article explores how growing geopolitical risks are challenging the way countries manage global trade and supply chains.


Air Force crew chiefs marshal A-10C Thunderbolt II during Agile Combat Employment exercise in austere location within U.S. Central Command area of responsibility, December 11, 2024.

Protecting ACE: Air Defense and Agile Combat Employment

By Ian D. Richardson

The Agile Combat Employment (ACE) operational scheme of maneuver was developed by the Air Force to address anti-access/area denial (A2/AD) threats.


U.S. Marines assigned to Marine Aircraft Group 49 perform water-based exercises while training under the Marine Corps Martial Arts Program at Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst, N.J., Jan. 10, 2025. MCMAP is a combat system that combines existing and new hand-to-hand and close quarters combat techniques with morale, team-building functions and instruction in the warrior ethos. The techniques used by MCMAP vary in degrees of lethality allowing members to qualify and master up to six disciplines through continuation in the program. (U.S. Air Force photo by Senior Airman Matt Porter)

Developing Alternative Manning Strategies to Maintain the Combat Effectiveness of the Joint Force

By Shawn M. Cook, Andrew Hall, and Todd Spanton

Human capital remains the cornerstone of an effective fighting force. Unfortunately, potential recruits’ propensity and ability to serve in the military are falling.


Sailors participate in mass casualty drill on flight deck of aircraft carrier USS Nimitz, South China Sea, February 6, 2023.

Toward a 21st-Century Medical Offset Strategy

By George A. Barbee and Benjamin J. Ingram

We are applying a late 19th-century to early 20th-century mindset to try to solve 21st-century problems.


Recall

Wounded Marine gets injection of blood plasma from Navy Hospital Corpsman during battle for Okinawa, May 1945 (U.S. Marine Corps)

Both Joint and Not Medical Support at Okinawa, 1945

By Sanders Marble

In 1945, the U.S. Army, Navy, and Marine Corps invaded Okinawa. Heavy casualties were projected, and medical planning was thorough and multi-layered. Medical support was as joint as anything the period could offer, although quite different from today.


Soldier crouches as enemy fire passes overhead just off one of the beaches on east coast of Leyte Island, Philippines, October 20, 1944 (National Archives and Records Administration/Carl Wienke/U.S. Army Signal Corps)

Movement and Maneuver at Leyte, October 1944

By Michael M. Trimble, Douglas W. Burkman, and Michael L. Simmons

Today’s joint force is grappling with changes in the character of war as a complex interplay of human innovation, proliferating technology, and international politics drives an expansion of warfighting domains.


Book Reviews

Book cover for Winning Without Fighting: Irregular Warfare and Strategic Competition in the 21st Century

Winning Without Fighting: Irregular Warfare and Strategic Competition in the 21st Century

By Joseph J. Collins

Winning Without Fighting is an excellent new book crafted by four veteran scholar-practitioners that presents a strategic framework for winning the competition between the United States and its allies on the one side and an emerging authoritarian axis that includes China, Russia, Iran, and North Korea on the other.


Book covers for War in Ukraine: Conflict, Strategy, and the Return of a Fractured World; The War for Ukraine: Strategy and Adaptation Under Fire; A Call to Action: Lessons from Ukraine for the Future For the Future Force

War in Ukraine: Conflict, Strategy, and the Return of a Fractured World | The War for Ukraine: Strategy and Adaptation Under Fire | A Call to Action: Lessons from Ukraine for the Future Force

By Frank Hoffman

The war in Ukraine has been going on for 3 years now, and much has been written about Vladimir Putin’s strategic failures and the valor of the Ukrainian defenders.


Cover the book The Tragic Mind: Fear, Fate, and
the Burden of Power.

The Tragic Mind: Fear, Fate, and the Burden of Power

By Thomas F. Lynch III

Robert D. Kaplan’s early 2023 book, The Tragic Mind: Fear, Fate, and the Burden of Power, is the latest of his nearly two dozen books over the past 35 years.